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American Pregnancy=20 Association

Promoting Reproductive & Pregnancy Wellness

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home=20 ::pregnancy loss<= /P>

Molar Pregnancy

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A molar pregnancy is an abnormality of the placenta, caused by a = problem when=20 the egg and sperm join together at fertilization. Molar pregnancies are = rare,=20 occurring in 1 out of every 1,000 pregnancies. Molar pregnancies are = also called=20 gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), hydatidiform mole or simply = referred to=20 as a =E2=80=9Cmole.=E2=80=9D

What is a molar pregnancy?

A molar pregnancy is the result of a genetic error during the = fertilization=20 process that leads to growth of abnormal tissue within the uterus. Molar = pregnancies rarely involve a developing embryo, and the growth of this = material=20 is rapid compared to normal fetal growth. It has the appearance of a = large and=20 random collection of grape-like cell clusters. There are two types of = molar=20 pregnancies, =E2=80=9Ccomplete,=E2=80=9D and = =E2=80=9Cpartial.=E2=80=9D

What is a complete molar pregnancy?

Complete molar pregnancies have only placental parts (there is no = baby), and=20 form when the sperm fertilizes an empty egg. Because the egg is empty, = no baby=20 is formed. The placenta grows and produces the pregnancy hormone, hCG.=20 Unfortunately, an ultrasound will show that there is no fetus, only a = placenta.=20

What is a partial molar pregnancy?

Partial Mole occurs when the mass contains = both the=20 abnormal cells and an embryo that has severe defects. In this case the = fetus=20 will be overcome by the growing abnormal mass rather quickly.=20
An extremely rare version of a partial mole = is when=20 twins are conceived but one embryo begins to develop normally while = the other=20 is a mole. In these cases, the healthy embryo will very quickly be = consumed by=20 the abnormal growth.

Who is at risk for a molar pregnancy?

In the US, approximately 1 out of 1,000 = pregnancies is=20 a molar pregnancy=20
Mexico, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines = have higher=20 rates than the US for molar pregnancies in women=20
White women in the US are at higher risk than = black=20 women=20
Women over the age of 40=20
Women who have had a prior molar pregnancy=20
Women with a history of miscarriage =

What are the symptoms of a molar pregnancy?

Vaginal= =20 spotting or bleeding=20
Nausea and vomiting=20
Develop rare complications like thyroid = disease=20
Early=20 preeclampsia (high blood pressure)=20
Increased hCG = levels=20
No fetal movement or heart tone detected =

How do I know if I have a molar pregnancy?

A pelvic exam may reveal a larger or smaller = uterus,=20 enlarged ovaries, and abnormally high amounts of the pregnancy hormone = hCG.=20
A sonogram will often show a =E2=80=9Ccluster = of grapes=E2=80=9D=20 appearance, signifying an abnormal placenta.

How is a molar pregnancy treated?

Most molar pregnancies will spontaneously end = and the=20 expelled tissue will appear grape-like.=20
Molar pregnancies are removed by suction = curettage,=20 dilation and evacuation (D & C), or sometimes through medication. = General=20 anesthetic is normally used during these procedures.=20
Approximately 90% of women who have a mole = removed=20 require no further treatment.=20
Follow-up procedures that monitor the hCG = levels can=20 occur monthly for six months or as your physician prescribes.=20
Follow-up is done to ensure that the mole has = been=20 removed completely. Traces of the mole can begin to grow again and may = possess=20 a cancerous-type threat to other parts of the body.=20
Pregnancy should be avoided for one year = after a molar=20 pregnancy.=20
Any birth control method is acceptable with = the=20 exception of an intrauterine device.

How will I feel emotionally after a molar pregnancy?

Although the removal of a molar pregnancy is not the termination of a = developing child, it is still a loss. Even when an embryo is present, it = does=20 not have the opportunity to develop into a child. Most women discover = that they=20 are dealing with a molar pregnancy after the discovery and anticipation = of being=20 pregnant. Dreams, plans and hopes are cancelled all at once; it is still = a=20 significant loss.

There will have to be healing time for all = involved,=20 and grief will be experienced.=20
Recognize that people may try to console you = with=20 statements like, =E2=80=9CWell at least it wasn't a baby.=E2=80=9D = This doesn't help, but at=20 least know that they are trying. Let them know what you need.=20
What makes this type of loss further = different from a=20 =E2=80=9Cnormal miscarriage=E2=80=9D or loss is the continued concern = of the mother's health.=20 Make sure that you stick with your follow-up appointments.=20
Support groups and counseling may prove = beneficial.=20

Can I have another molar pregnancy?

If you had a molar pregnancy without = complications,=20 your risk of having another molar pregnancy is about 1-2%.=20
Genetic counseling prior to conceiving again = is helpful=20 for some couples.

Last Updated: 03/2006

Compiled using information from the following = sources:

MedlinePlus [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library = of=20 Medicine (US); [updated 2006 Feb 21]. Pregnancy Loss; [updated 2006 Feb = 22;=20 reviewed 2006 Feb 7; cited 2006 Feb 22]. Available from:=20 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pregnancyloss.html

Current Obstetric & Gynecologic Diagnosis & = Treatment-Ninth Ed. DeCherney, Alan H., et al, Ch. 50. =

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The information contained on this = site=20 herein is for educational purposes only and = is not=20 meant for diagnosis or treatment. Any information found on=20 this site herein should be discussed = with a=20 health care professional. Use of this information should be done in = accordance=20 with the health care plan outlined by your health care professional. For = specific medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment, consult your doctor. = All=20 content is copyrighted by the American Pregnancy Association unless = otherwise=20 noted.

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