From: Subject: Scientists Protest Soy Approval Date: Sat, 1 Mar 2008 11:50:52 -0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0033_01C87B92.803DBAF0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3198 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0033_01C87B92.803DBAF0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.mercola.com/display/PrintPage.aspx?docid=25433&PrintPage=yes =EF=BB=BF Scientists Protest Soy = Approval

=20

Scientists Protest Soy Approval

Read The = Natural Law=20 Party's comments on this letter.

In Unusual = Letter, FDA=20 Experts Lay Out Concerns

Researchers Daniel Doerge and Daniel = Sheehan, two of=20 the Food and Drug Administration's experts on soy, signed a letter of protest, which points to = studies that=20 show a link between soy = and health=20 problems in certain animals. The two say they = tried in=20 vain to stop the FDA approval of soy because it could be = misinterpreted as=20 a broader general endorsement beyond benefits for the heart. The = text of=20 the letter follows.

Department of Health and Human=20 Services
Public Health Service
Food and Drug=20 Administration
National Center For Toxicological = Research
Jefferson,=20 Ark. 72079-9502

Daniel M. Sheehan, Ph.D.
Director, = Estrogen Base=20 Program
Division of Genetic and Reproductive = Toxicology

and Daniel R. Doerge, Ph.D.
Division of = Biochemical=20 Toxicology

Dockets Management Branch (HFA-305)
Food = and Drug=20 Administration
Rockville, MD 20852

To whom it may concern,

We are = writing in=20 reference to Docket #=20 98P-0683; "Food Labeling: Health Claims; Soy Protein and Coronary = Heart=20 Disease." We = oppose this health claim = because there is=20 abundant evidence that some of the isoflavones found in soy, = including=20 genistein and equol, a metabolize of daidzen, demonstrate toxicity = in=20 estrogen sensitive tissues and in the thyroid.

This is true for a number of species, = including=20 humans. Additionally, the adverse effects in humans occur in = several=20 tissues and, apparently, by several distinct = mechanisms.

Genistein is clearly estrogenic; it = possesses the=20 chemical structural features necessary for estrogenic activity (; = Sheehan=20 and Medlock, 1995; Tong, et al, 1997; Miksicek, 1998) and induces=20 estrogenic responses in developing and adult animals and in adult = humans.=20

In rodents, equol is estrogenic and acts as = an=20 estrogenic endocrine disruptor during development (Medlock, et al, = 1995a,b). Faber and Hughes (1993) showed alterations in LH = regulation=20 following developmental treatment with genistein.

Thus, = during pregnancy=20 in humans, isoflavones per se could be a risk factor for abnormal = brain=20 and reproductive tract development.

Furthermore, pregnant Rhesus monkeys fed = genistein had=20 serum estradiol levels 50- 100 percent higher than the controls in = three=20 different areas of the maternal circulation (Harrison, et al, = 1998). Given=20 that the Rhesus monkey is the best experimental model for humans, = and that=20 a women's own estrogens are a very significant risk factor for = breast=20 cancer, it is unreasonable to = approve the=20 health claim until complete safety studies of soy protein are = conducted.=20

Of equally grave concern is the finding that = the=20 fetuses of genistein fed monkeys had a 70 percent higher serum = estradiol=20 level than did the controls (Harrison, et al, 1998). Development = is=20 recognized as the most sensitive life stage for estrogen toxicity = because=20 of the indisputable evidence of a very wide variety of frank = malformations=20 and serious functional deficits in experimental animals and = humans.=20

In the human population, DES exposure stands = as a=20 prime example of adverse estrogenic effects during development. = About 50=20 percent of the female offspring and a smaller fraction of male = offspring=20 displayed one or more malformations in the reproductive tract, as = well as=20 a lower prevalence (about 1 in a thousand) of malignancies. In = adults,=20 genistein could be a risk factor for a number of = estrogen-associated=20 diseases.

Even without the evidence of elevated serum = estradiol=20 levels in Rhesus fetuses, potency and dose differences between DES = and=20 the soy isoflavones do not = provide any=20 assurance that the soy protein isoflavones per se will be without = adverse=20 effects.

First, calculations, based on the = literature, show=20 that doses of soy protein isoflavones used in clinical trials = which=20 demonstrated estrogenic effects were as potent as low but active = doses of=20 DES in Rhesus monkeys (Sheehan, unpublished data).

Second, we have recently shown that = estradiol shows no=20 threshold in an extremely large dose-response experiment (Sheehan, = et al,=20 1999), and we subsequently have found 31 dose-response curves for=20 hormone-mimicking chemicals that also fail to show a threshold = (Sheehan,=20 1998a).

Our conclusions are that no dose is without risk; the extent of risk is = simply a=20 function of dose. These two features support and extend the = conclusion=20 that it is inappropriate to allow health claims for soy protein=20 isolate.

Additionally, isoflavones are inhibitors of = the=20 thyroid peroxidase which makes T3 and T4. Inhibition can be = expected to=20 generate thyroid abnormalities, including goiter and autoimmune=20 thyroiditis. There exists a significant body of animal data that=20 demonstrates goitrogenic and even carcinogenic effects of soy = products=20 (cf., Kimura et al., 1976).

Moreover, there are significant reports of = goitrogenic=20 effects from soy consumption in human infants (cf., Van Wyk et = al., 1959;=20 Hydovitz, 1960; Shepard et al., 1960; Pinchers et al., 1965; = Chorazy et=20 al., 1995) and adults (McCarrison, 1933; Ishizuki, et al., 1991).=20

Recently, we have identified genistein and = daidzein as=20 the goitrogenic isoflavonoid components of soy and defined the = mechanisms=20 for inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-catalyzed thyroid = hormone=20 synthesis in vitro (Divi et al., 1997; Divi et al., 1996). =

The observed suicide inactivation of TPO by=20 isoflavones, through covalent binding to TPO, raises the = possibility of=20 neoantigen formation and because anti-TPO is the principal = autoantibody=20 present in auto immune thyroid disease. This hypothetical = mechanism is=20 consistent with the reports of Fort et al. (1986, 1990) of = a doubling of risk for autoimmune = thyroiditis in=20 children who had received soy formulas as infants = compared to=20 infants receiving other forms of milk.

The serum levels of isoflavones in infants = receiving=20 soy formula that are about five times higher than in women = receiving soy=20 supplements who show menstrual cycle disturbances, including an = increased=20 estradiol level in the follicular phase (Setchell, et al, 1997). = Assuming=20 a dose-dependent risk, it is unreasonable to assert that the = infant=20 findings are irrelevant to adults who may consume smaller amounts = of=20 isoflavones.

Additionally, while there is an unambiguous = biological=20 effect on menstrual cycle length (Cassidy, et al, 1994), it is = unclear=20 whether the soy effects are beneficial or adverse. Furthermore, we = need to=20 be concerned about transplacental passage of isoflavones as the = DES case=20 has shown us that estrogens can pass the placenta. No such studies = have=20 been conducted with genistein in humans or primates.

As all estrogens which have been studied = carefully in=20 human populations are two-edged swords in humans (Sheehan and = Medlock,=20 1995; Sheehan, 1997), with both beneficial and adverse effects = resulting=20 from the administration of the same estrogen, it is likely that = the same=20 characteristic is shared by the isoflavones. The animal data is = also=20 consistent with adverse effects in humans.

Finally, initial data from a robust (7,000 = men)=20 long-term (30+ years) prospective epidemiological study in Hawaii = showed=20 that Alzheimer's disease prevalence in Hawaiian men was similar to = European-ancestry Americans and to Japanese (White, et al, 1996a). = In=20 contrast, vascular dementia prevalence is similar in Hawaii and = Japan and=20 both are higher than in European-ancestry Americans.

This suggests that common ancestry or = environmental=20 factors in Japan and Hawaii are responsible for the higher = prevalence of=20 vascular dementia in these locations. Subsequently, this same group showed a significant dose-dependent risk = (up to 2.4=20 fold) for development of vascular dementia and brain atrophy from=20 consumption of tofu, a soy product rich in isoflavones = (White,=20 et al, 1996b).

This finding is consistent with the = environmental=20 causation suggested from the earlier analysis, and provides = evidence that=20 soy (tofu) phytoestrogens causes vascular dementia.

Given that estrogens are important for = maintenance of=20 brain function in women; that the male brain contains aromatase, = the=20 enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol; and that = isoflavones=20 inhibit this enzymatic activity (Irvine, 1998), there is a = mechanistic=20 basis for the human findings. Given the great difficulty in = discerning the=20 relationship between exposures and long latency adverse effects in = the=20 human population (Sheehan, 1998b), and the potential mechanistic=20 explanation for the epidemiological findings, this is an important = study.=20

It is one of the more robust, well-designed=20 prospective epidemiological studies generally available. We rarely = have=20 such power in human studies, as well as a potential mechanism, and = thus=20 the results should be interpreted in this context.

Does the Asian experience provide us with = reassurance=20 that isoflavones are safe? A review of several examples lead to = the=20 conclusion "Given the parallels with herbal medicines with respect = to=20 attitudes, monitoring deficiencies, and the general difficulty of=20 detecting toxicities with long latencies, I=20 am unconvinced that the long history of apparent safe use of soy = products=20 can provide confidence that they are indeed without = risk."=20 (Sheehan, 1998b).

It should also be noted that the claim on p. = 62978=20 that soy protein foods are GRAS is in conflict with the recent = return by=20 CFSAN to Archer Daniels Midland of a petition for GRAS status for = soy=20 protein because of deficiencies in reporting adverse effects in = the=20 petition. Thus GRAS status has not been granted. Linda Kahl can = provide=20 you with details. It would seem appropriate for FDA to speak with = a single=20 voice regarding soy protein isolate.

Taken together, the findings presented here = are=20 self-consistent and demonstrate that genistein and other = isoflavones can=20 have adverse effects in a variety of species, including humans. = Animal=20 studies are the front line in evaluating toxicity, as they = predict, with=20 good accuracy, adverse effects in humans.

For the isoflavones, we additionally have = evidence of=20 two types of adverse effects in humans, despite the very few = studies that=20 have addressed this subject. While isoflavones may have beneficial = effects=20 at some ages or circumstances, this cannot be assumed to be true = at all=20 ages.

Isoflavones are like other estrogens in that = they are=20 two-edged swords, conferring both benefits and risk (Sheehan and = Medlock,=20 1995; Sheehan, 1997). The health labeling of soy protein isolate = for foods=20 needs to considered just as would the addition of any estrogen or=20 goitrogen to foods, which are bad ideas.

Estrogenic and goitrogenic drugs are = regulated by FDA,=20 and are taken under a physician's care. Patients are informed of = risks,=20 and are monitored by their physicians for evidence of toxicity. = There are=20 no similar safeguards in place for foods, so the public will be = put at=20 potential risk from soy isoflavones in soy protein isolate without = adequate warning and information.

Sincerely,
Daniel M. Sheehan
Daniel R. = Doerge

ABC News.com

Dr. Mercola's Comment:

Many thanks to Valerie at http://www.soyonlineservice.c= o.nz/=20 for forwarding me the above document.

When even the FDA's own researchers bring = up=20 concerns about soy, it clearly warrants a more serious evaluation. = Drs.=20 Sheehan and Doerge do an excellent job of summarizing some of the = main=20 concerns with soy.

Potential adverse effects of = isoflavones'=20 estrogenic influence
Isoflavone inhibition of aromatase, = the enzyme=20 that normally produces estrogen from testosterone in both men = and=20 women
Soy phytoestrogen's linkage to = vascular dementia=20 (Alzheimer's)=20
Isoflavone inhibition of thyroid = function and=20 increased risk of autoimmune thyroid problems
Potential increase of breast cancer = due to soy's=20 estrogen effect

I recently became aware of a soy = negative=20 influence on thyroid testimonials page that you may want to = review.=20

There are of course many other reasons = why you will=20 want to seriously consider limiting or avoiding soy. If this area = is of=20 concern to you please review the links below.

Please also be sure to read the excellent=20 comment on the above letter by the Natural Law Party. =

Related=20 Articles:

Soy=20 Index

Soy May Cause Cancer and Brain Damage=20

References

Cassidy, A, Bingham, S, and = Setchell, KDR.=20 Biological effects of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the = menstrual=20 cycle of premenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 333- 340,=20 1994.

Chorazy, P.A., Himelhoch, S., = Hopwood, N, J.,=20 Greger, N. G., and Postellon, D.C. Persistent hypothyroidism in an = infant=20 receiving a soy formula: Case report and review of the literature. = Pediatrics 148-150, 1995.

Divi, R. L., Chang, H. C., and = Doerge, D.R.=20 Identification, characterization and mechanisms of anti-thyroid = activity=20 of isoflavones from soybean. Biochem. Pharrnacol. 54, 1087-1096,=20 1997.

Divi, R.L. and Doerge, D.R. = Inhibition of=20 thyroid peroxidase by dietary flavonoids. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, = 16-23,=20 1996.

Levy, JR, Faber, FA,Ayyash, L, = and Hughes,=20 CL. The effect of prenatal exposure to phytoestrogen genistein on = sexual=20 differentiation in rats. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med. 208, 60-66,=20 1995.

Fort, P., Lanes, R., Dahlem, S., = Reeker, B.,=20 Weyman-Daum, M., Pugliese, M., and Lifshitz, F. Breast feeding and = insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children. J. Am. Coil. = Nutr.=20 5,439-441, 1986.

Fort, P, Moses, N., Fasano, M, = Goldberg, T,=20 and Lifshitz, F. Breast and soy-formula feedings in early infancy = and the=20 prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in children. J. Am. Coil. = Nutr.=20 9, 164-167, 1990.

Harrison, R. M.. Phillippi, P. = P., and=20 Henson, M.C. Effects of genistein on estradiol production in = pregnant=20 Rhesus monkeys (A4acaca Mulatta). Am. J. Primatology 45, 183,=20 1998.

Hydovitz, JD, Occurrence of = goiter in an=20 infant on a soy diet. New Eng. J. Med. 262, 351-353, = 1960.

Irvine, CHG, Fitzpatrick, MG, and = Alexander,=20 SL. Phytoestrogens in soy-based infant foods: Concentrations, = daily=20 intake, and possible biological effects. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. = Med.=20 217,247-253, 1998.

Ishizuki, Y., Hirooka, Y., = Murata, Y., and=20 Togasho, K. The effects on the thyroid gland of soybeans = administered=20 experimentally to healthy subjects. Nippon Naibunpi gakkai Zasshi=20 67,622-629, 1991.

Kimura, S, Suwa, J, Ito, B and = Sate, H.=20 Development of malignant goiter by defatted soybean with = iodine-free diet=20 in rats. Gann 67, 763-765, 1976.

McCarrison, R. The goitrogenic = action of=20 soybean and groundnut. Indian J. Med. Res. 21, 179-181, = 1933.

Medlock, K. L., Branham, W. S., = Sheehan, D.M.=20 The effects of phytoestrogens on neonatal rat uterine growth and=20 development. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med. 208:307-313, = 1995.

Medlock, K.L., Branham, W. S., = Sheehan, D.M.=20 Effects of coumestrol and equol on the developing reproductive = tract of=20 the rat. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med., 208:67-1, 1995. Miksicek, RJ. = Estrogenic flavonoids: Structural requirements for biological = activity.=20 Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med. 208,44-50, 1995.

Pinchers, A, MacGillivray, MH, = Crawford, JD,=20 and Freeman, AG. Thyroid refractoriness in an athyreotic cretin = fed=20 soybean formula, New Eng. J. Med., 265, 83-87, 1965.

Setchell, KDR, Zimmer-Nechemias, = L, Cai, J,=20 and Heubi, JE. Exposure of infants to phyto-estrogens from = soy-based=20 infant formula. Lancet, 350,23-27, 1997.

Sheehan, D.M. Literature analysis = of=20 no-threshold dose-response curves for endocrine disrupters. = Teratology,=20 57,219, 1998a.

Sheehan, D.M. Herbal medicines = and=20 phytoestrogens: risklbenefit considerations. Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. = Med.,=20 217,379-385, 1998b.

Sheehan, D.M. Isoflavone content = of breast=20 milk and soy formulas: Benefits and risks. Clin. Chem., 43:850,=20 1997.

Sheehan, D.M. and Medlock, K.L. = Current=20 issues regarding phytoestrogens. Polyphenols Actualities, = 13:22-24,=20 1995.

Sheehan, D. M., Willingham, E., = Gaylor, D.,=20 Bergeron, J. M., and Crews, D. No threshold dose for = oestradiol-induced=20 sex reversal of turtle embryos: How little is too much? = Environmental=20 Health Perspectives, February, 1999 issue, in press.

Shepard, TH, Pyne, GE, = Kirschvink, JF, and=20 McLean, CM. Soybean goiter. New Eng. J. Med. 262, 1099-1103,=20 1960.

Tong, W, Perkins, R, Xing, L, = Welsh, WJ, and=20 Sheehan, DM. QSAR models for binding of estrogenic compounds to = estrogen=20 receptor alpha and beta subtypes. Endo. 138, 4022- 4025, 1997. Van = Wyk,=20 JJ, Arnold, MB, Wynn, J, and Pepper, F. The effects of a soybean = product=20 on thyroid function in humans, Pediatrics 24,752-760, = 1959.

White, L, Petrovitch, H, Ross, = GW, and=20 Masaki. Association of mid-life consumption of tofu with late life = cognitive impairment and dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. = The=20 Neurobiol. of Aging, 17 (suppl 4), S 121, 1996a.

White, L, Petrovich, H, Ross, GW, = Masaki, KH,=20 Abbot, RD, Teng, EL, Rodriguez, BL, Blanchette, PL, Havlik, RJ, = Wergowske,=20 G, Chiu, D, Foley, DJ, Murdaugh, C, and Curb, JD. Prevalence of = dementia=20 in older Japanese-American men in Hawaii, JAMA 276, 955-960, = 1996b.=20

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FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .subscribePopup { Z-INDEX: 10; LEFT: 35%; VISIBILITY: hidden; WIDTH: 400px; POSITION: = absolute; TOP: 35% } .homeBox1Top { BORDER-RIGHT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #5064dc 1px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5064dc 1px solid; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cdceff } .homeBox1Bot { BORDER-RIGHT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #5064dc 0px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5064dc 1px solid; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f5f5ff } .homeBox1aBot { BORDER-RIGHT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #5064dc 0px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5064dc 1px solid } .homeSubBox { BORDER-RIGHT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #5064dc 1px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #5064dc 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5064dc 1px solid; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d7daff } .homeBox2Top { BORDER-RIGHT: #dcb650 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #dcb650 1px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #dcb650 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #dcb650 1px solid; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fff1cd } .homeBox2Bot { BORDER-RIGHT: #dcb650 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #dcb650 0px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #dcb650 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #dcb650 1px solid; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fffbf1 } .fb02 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/blue/img02.png) } .fb04 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/blue/img04a.png); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-y } .fb06 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/blue/img06a.png); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-y } .fb05 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/blue/img05.png); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-x; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fafaff } .fb08 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/blue/img08.png) } .fg02 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/green/img02.png) } .fg04 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/green/img04a.png); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-y } .fg05 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/green/img05.png); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-x; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fefffb } .fg06 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/green/img06a.png); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-y } .fg08 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/green/img08.png) } .fr02 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/red/img02.png) } .fr04 { BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(/images/f/red/img04a.png); 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FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .searchResults { FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .standardInput { WIDTH: 150px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0 } #StoryCnt A { FONT-SIZE: 14px } #StoryCnt A:visited { FONT-SIZE: 14px } #NewsCnt A { FONT-SIZE: 14px } #NewsCnt A:visited { FONT-SIZE: 14px } .on { BACKGROUND-POSITION: left top; DISPLAY: block; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; = FONT-SIZE: 13px; FLOAT: left; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: = url(/images/topstories_on.gif); MARGIN: 0px; WIDTH: 122px; COLOR: = #33337e; LINE-HEIGHT: 36px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; HEIGHT: 36px; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } .on A { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .off { BACKGROUND-POSITION: left top; DISPLAY: block; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; = FONT-SIZE: 13px; FLOAT: left; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: = url(/images/topstories_off.gif); MARGIN: 0px; WIDTH: 122px; COLOR: = #b8b8b8; LINE-HEIGHT: 36px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; HEIGHT: 36px; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } #container A { FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #0b3ac1; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } #container A:hover { FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #0b3ac1; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .StoryCntOn { DISPLAY: block } .StoryCntOff { DISPLAY: none } .NewsCntOff { DISPLAY: none } .NewsCntOn { DISPLAY: block } .OffersCntOff { DISPLAY: none } .OffersCntOn { DISPLAY: block } ------=_NextPart_000_0033_01C87B92.803DBAF0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Location: http://www.mercola.com/Scripts/DefaultButtons.js function SearchSubmit(baseURL, searchCtl) { location.href = baseURL + "&Search_Keywords=" + searchCtl.value ; } function DefaultButton(anEvent, btn) { if (document.all) { if (event.keyCode == 13) { event.returnValue=false; event.cancel = true; btn.click(); } } else if (document.getElementById) { if (anEvent.which == 13) { anEvent.returnValue=false; anEvent.preventDefault(); btn.click(anEvent); } } else if(document.layers) { if(event.which == 13) { event.returnValue=false; event.cancel = true; btn.click(); } } } ------=_NextPart_000_0033_01C87B92.803DBAF0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.mercola.com/Scripts/GenericFormSupport.js function SubmitForm(genericFormNumber) { //currently this only sets the action and method of the form. it could = be updated to set the other=20 //attributes if necessary. all fields on user form need to be 'gform' = + genericFormNumber which ensures=20 //we only grab values specific to the form being submitted. =09 var sourceForm =3D document.forms["routerForm"]; var destForm =3D document.forms["genericForm"]; var destFormCounter =3D 0; var formID =3D 'gform' + genericFormNumber; for(var i =3D 0;i